I’ve been playing with different ways of representing data (see my previous night lights example) and I decided to venture into 3D representations. I’ve used a full year of crime data for San Francisco from 2009 to create these maps. The full dataset can be download from the city’s DataSF website.

A view from above
This view shows different types of crime in San Francisco viewed directly from above. The sun is shining from the east, as it would during sunrise.

top_500

I love how some of the features in these maps are pretty consistent across all the crime types, like the mountain ridge along Mission St., and how some of the features only crop up in one or two of the maps. The most unique map by far is the one for prostitution (more on that further down).

An alternate view
Here’s the same data but from a different angle, which helps show some of the differences.

UPDATE: Whoops, I screwed up originally and had a duplicate image. The original graphic showed the same map for Vandalism and Assault (both were the Vandalism map). This updated graphic has the correct map for Assault.

right_500_2

Many of the maps have peaks in the Tenderloin, which is that high area sort of in the north-east center area of the city. Some are extremely concentrated (narcotics) and some are far more spread out (vehicle theft).

My favorite map is the one for prostitution (maybe “favorite” is the wrong choice of words there). Nearly all the arrests for prostitution in San Francisco occur along what I’m calling the “Mission Mountain Ridge”, which runs up Mission St between 24th and 16th.

EDIT: I’ve been corrected. Upon closer inspection the prostitution arrests are peaking on Shotwell St. at the intersections of 19th and 17th. I’m sure the number of colorful euphemisms you can come up with that include the words “shot” and “well” are endless.

I love the way the mountain range casts a shadow over much of the city. There’s also a second peak in the Tenderloin (which I’m dubbing Mt. Loin).

prostitution_500

Drug crimes are also interesting to look at, since so much of the drug activity in San Francisco is centered in a few distinct areas. We can see Mt. Loin rising high above all the other small peaks. The second highest peak is the 16th St. BART peak.

drugs_500

There are other consistent features in these maps, in addition to Mt. Loin and the Mission Range. There’s a valley that separates the peaks in the Mission and the peaks in the Tenderloin, which is where the freeway runs (Valley 101). You’ll also notice a division in many of the maps that separates the southeast corner. That’s the Hunter’s Point Riverbed (aka the 280 freeway).

Disclaimer
These maps were generated from real data, but please don’t take them as being accurate. The data was aggregated geographically and artistically rendered. This is meant more as an art piece than an informative visualization.

260 Responses to “If San Francisco Crime were Elevation”

  1. Asa says:

    these data visualisations are awesome! Your tweet about this post was an irresistible click

  2. Scott Valentine says:

    Excellent piece! It would also look cool to normalize the rates to some city-wide average, and utilize both peaks and valleys.

  3. Caleb Adam Haye says:

    “Mt. Loin” … timeless!

  4. bluoz says:

    Mt Loin…

    3D graphical representation of narcotics statistics gathered from DataSF, prepared by Doug McCune Mount tenderloin towers above all else…

  5. Jay says:

    This awesome! Much better than heat maps. SFPD should have this.

  6. Michael Christoff says:

    This is great, Doug! I agree, definitely definitely better than heat maps.

  7. Pedr says:

    Really nice. Be great to see the two combined – heatmaps and topography or atleast some kind of colour banding added to the topography. That would open up all kinds of possibilities – you could slice horizontally along the bands and create layers of different ranges. In fact mixing colour and topography would also give you a way of showing two sets of data concurrently – topography for prostitution and some kind of colour banding for wealth for example.

  8. San Francisco crime mapped as elevation says:

    [...] McCune maps San Francisco crime in 2009 as if it were elevation. Peaks and valleys emerge with the rolling terrains of crime. The above is [...]

  9. vanderleun says:

    You want to see a real towering mountain casting a shadow deep and wide, try the same thing with rates of VD of all kinds.

  10. tiger says:

    can you please do this for LA?

  11. Rojir says:

    Excuse me!

    What software did you use to do the 3d model?

  12. A says:

    I’m intrigued by the few prostitution mini-peaks in the Sunset… any particular associations there? There’s a shady “health center” at the corner of 45th and Noriega that I’m convinced is an underground brothel.

  13. Christina Waever says:

    Google map go home after this! Great idea! Should be done for all areas. Makes the numbers come alive. Good work!

  14. Joseph Moglia says:

    Anyone wanting to do similar and has access to ArcGIS with the 3D Analyst extension and knows ESRI products can do the same with any data in no time what so ever.

  15. Ed Feng says:

    Very awesome. I think the “airplane” angle works much better than the “satillite” angle for almost every map. Working on a “airplane” movie as your next project?

    Ed

  16. frank says:

    San Francisco voters and taxpayers want legal prostitution. Stop waisting 11 mln $/year to “fight” prostitution.

  17. Mike Bailey says:

    This reminds me of the Dave Chapelle skit where he inadvertently tells all of the grade school kids where to find the best crack in town.

  18. Doctor Memory says:

    That mountain isn’t Mission Street — it’s Capp.

  19. Doug says:

    I took a closer look at the data and it turns out that mountain ridge for prostitution actually runs up Shotwell St. Capp St also has a good share, but Shotwell and 19th and Shotwell and 17th are the highest.

  20. If San Francisco Crime was Elevation | Doug McCune : Popular Links : eConsultant says:

    [...] original here: If San Francisco Crime was Elevation | Doug McCune 5 June 2010 | Uncategorized | Trackback | del.icio.us | Stumble it! | View Count : 0 Next Post [...]

  21. Erin says:

    Graet job! I’d like to see one for homicide… I imagine it would only have a few distinct peaks. I sometimes refer to the Oakland Crimespotting map (where I live). It would be very helpful to view that as elevation.

  22. InfoGraphic: The Topography of San Francisco Crime - Ünnecessary Ümlaut says:

    [...] out If San Francisco Crime was Elevation by Doug McCune. (Thanks, [...]

  23. adrian says:

    very cool doug… wondering what the vertical scale is (and timeframe). i.e. is it just total numbers or a per capita scale?

  24. weev says:

    one trick pony. these maps add nothing of value to a standard color plot.

  25. TonyD says:

    Super cool… now do Oakland!

  26. TD says:

    Not to be a grammar nazi or nothin, but it ought to be “If San Francisco crime were elevation.”

  27. Ryan says:

    Brilliant work! Can you cross this data with the physical typography? I’ve always been curious if safer neighborhoods are uphill.

  28. BF says:

    I am sure this took a bit of effort. Thanks for your hard work on this. It would be interesting to pull the data in from previous decades and see how the elevation has changed in different areas.

  29. Neal says:

    Great presentations. Would be enlightening and entertaining to see these interactive, and an excellent Flex demo too.

  30. Doug says:

    @TD- thanks for the correction, updated the title.

    @adrian – it’s just raw totals, grouped geographically. These aren’t scientific by any means, I basically took the underlying pattern and extruded it out and smoothed it a bit to make it look “pretty”. But basically each image is the aggregate numbers for a single year of crime data.

  31. sam says:

    Brilliant! Do it for London??

  32. If San Francisco Crime were Elevation | Doug McCune – fascinating data viz – thanks Information is Beautiful! « Transmedia Camp 101 says:

    [...] If San Francisco Crime were Elevation | Doug McCune – fascinating data viz – thanks Information is Beautiful! June 9, 2010 siobhanoflynn Leave a comment Go to comments via dougmccune.com [...]

  33. richard says:

    smoothed it a bit to make it look “pretty”

    It’s a really beautiful, and persuasive, visualisation. The prostitution map makes me wonder, though: you said these peaks represented single intersections, or pairs of intersections? So if you live halfway up the slope you’re merely closer to an area of prostitution, not in an area of moderate prostitution? I worry about that being misleading. I’m also curious about how your mountains conform to the street grid – it makes intuitive sense, and suggests a kind of “visibility of crime” but again, the prostitution map makes me wonder – is there a ‘grain’ to the visualisation independently of the data that makes it conform to the grid?

  34. Drew says:

    Please do Chicago!

  35. thom says:

    doug… as a career addict, i’d like to see the narcotics map broken down into another bunch of maps based on substance, rather than just throwing them all into one general group. this way i’d have a constant update on where to go for the best opiates. also, i take offense to narcotics being referred to as crime. that’s just it dude, all the car/home burglaries, all the purse snatching, almost all the crimes committed to generate income would literally drop almost completely off the map if drugs were legal, cheaper and safe. you can’t call someone doing something to themselves by themselves usually behind a locked door a “crime”. it’s not hurting anyone except maybe themselves. and if drugs were legal, the content of them and their safety would be a whole other thing, eliminating the only possible victim: the user.

  36. Curtis says:

    Very impressed! I would have like to see an interactive version that I could zoom in on. Any plans?

  37. Steve says:

    Regarding drug activity and prostitution, it would be more appropriate to call them drug and prostitution arrests instead. While other crimes are likely to be reported by the victim, the victim in these two is the state so only where the state seeks to look, will it find such activity. Online prostitution, for example will probably give a flatter contour.

    Did you normalize for population density?

    Great concept!

  38. b says:

    I agree with Thom.

    Also, is Richard’s comment correct?

  39. Doug says:

    @Steve – This is raw data (ie number of incidents) not normalized for population. I assume for many of the high crime areas, population stats would correlate.

  40. Doug says:

    @richard – yes, there is some smoothing in effect, which means that the ridge along Shotwell St (for the prostitution map) is indeed a bit smoothed between peaks. That’s not to say that there are only two peaks at Shotwell and 19th and Shotwell and 17th. There are incidents in between as well, but the big peaks at those major intersections does mean that the ridge between them appears higher than the actual incidents along those blocks support.

    A lot of people have commented on the usefulness of maps like these. I want to stress once again: this was done as an art project much more than a useful visualization. My goal was not to provide useful information that one could act on.

  41. erik says:

    What tools were used to do this?

  42. Einstein says:

    Now do St louis. One of the crime capitols of the US. I would be greatly interested in what you find there. There will be 3 massive mountains for everything. East St louis, North St Louis, and Downtown. All disgusting examples of Racial boundaries. We have what they call WHITE FLIGHT here. Where typically white neighborhoods that survived for 50-100 years are now urban ghettos once the white people ran for their lives literally. There are areas that were renowned for their cleanliness that are now crack infested slums with every other house vacant. Type in Scrubby Dutch for instance. 20 years ago the nice dutch people rode their bikes everywhere and literally went out every weekend and scrubbed their sidewalks clean. Now you wouldnt want to be there after dark. Now some may say im racist because I point out facts. I am not stating my opinion but strictly the facts. Take from it what you will. In 1960 there was a 90% white population and average home values were between 30-50k, now 50 years later there is a 85% black population and average home values are below 20k….. The same 30-50k homes in other neighborhoods are now worth 250-300k… and not the sad 20k in ghetto areas.

    I unfortunately moved into an area that is 85% black about 8 years (1990 it was 75% white)ago not knowing what I had gotten myself into. No wonder the white people left, there is no wealth of kind people, no wealth of information, no kind word from your neighbor, no good afternoon, no how is your day today, no gardening, no boats, no nice cars, no block parties, no meeting your neighbors, no helping your fellow man, no sunday conversations over the fence, no looking out for one another, no biking, no repairing, no helping. Just destruction everywhere you look. Oh and did I mention the police treat everyone like criminals? Yeah it doesnt matter if you are a good man, have a good job and work hard, in this area every last person is treated like a criminal. The cops are just so used to seeing criminals that they think they have the right to abuse everyone “for their safety”.

    A house may still look brand new being 50 years old, then somehow in just 8 years it turns into a rotting filth pile with boarded up windows and junkies raping children and smoking crack inside.

  43. J says:

    no murder rates?

  44. Doug says:

    @J – the homicide incidents are suspiciously absent from the data published by the city, not sure what that’s about…

  45. J says:

    either the report for the city isn’t complete yet or they simply don’t want to release it.

  46. Crime in San Francisco displayed as elevation says:

    [...] If San Francisco crime were elevation [...]

  47. Eric says:

    I would be interested to see overlays of multiple maps. There’s always (of course) aggregating all the data to determine the “most dangerous” areas, but I’m talking about other more interesting situations.

    Say, prositution & narcotics versus robbery & narcotics… Is there a higher coalition between certain types of crime?

    THAT would be interesting (at least to me)…

  48. John Griffin says:

    This is so interesting. I too would like to see them overlaid maybe in different colors so i could see what crime goes hand in hand. Also maybe add in white color crime ;-)

  49. Colm says:

    The prostitution maps are also my favourite , even if the data is simplified as discussed already. I get a kick out of the fact that the shadows are based on the sun’s position at dawn, when most of the ‘girls’ are done for the night.

  50. The Art of San Francisco Crime | Neon Monster Blog says:

    [...] should check out the full data set on Doug’s blog here. Beyond the obviously interesting nature of the way this information is presented, I found the [...]

  51. Walter Parenteau says:

    Einstein, you’re anything but. Your worldview is so simplistic and generalized. You make it sound as if black people cause crime and white people don’t, but if that were true there would be no safe black neighborhoods and no dangerous white neighborhoods, but anyone who has traveled to more than a couple places in the world (or heck, in your own state) knows that that is not true. Have you considered the levels of income, opportunity, education, and employment in your neighborhood? Or considered anything else? Or are you, like the cops in your neighborhood, simply judging people across the board on just one factor–their skin color?

    These maps are very interesting but it needs to be made VERY clear that these DO NOT show how much crime is in a neighborhood–only how much is caught by the police. A neighborhood such as Pacific Heights would have a very high amount of drug abuse (certainly these maps are not showing prescription drug abuse in rich areas) and prostitution but barely measures on these maps. One of the big differences is that rich people have big homes to hide big skeletons and poor people often live out in the open where cops are driving by them and all is out for the world to see.

  52. davidrenz.com » Elevated crime (data) says:

    [...] You can check out the full post here: http://dougmccune.com/blog/2010/06/05/if-san-francisco-crime-was-elevation/. [...]

  53. pocha says:

    Great Job i hope this catches on its a great visualization

  54. Drew says:

    Detroit would be a plateau for every category about a mile high. Everything is equal in Detroit. No one crime is worse than the next lol.

  55. SF Crime Mapped as Topography, or Cartography of Crime « These Guns Don't Quit says:

    [...] (thanks Doug McCune) [...]

  56. Sean Robert Meaney says:

    I like the Perpetual null at the centre of the region. Crime is absolutely low yet encircled by it. What is situated there?

    Perhaps you should map it according to Time as frequency ripples in water.

  57. Karl Ketzer says:

    John Lott analyzed crime statistics published by the US Department of Justice and concluded that 70% of the homicides take place in just three percent of the counties. I’ve always wanted to see a visual 3-D representation of that.

  58. SvenGaga says:

    Brilliant! Truly!

  59. GIS CRIME CARTOGRAPHY SF | AS-MAP says:

    [...] : http://dougmccune.com/blog/2010/06/05/if-san-francisco-crime-was-elevation/ « Previous [...]

  60. The View From Prostitution Mountain [Maps] | Hottest Gadget News & Reviews | GadgetInferno says:

    [...] shadows over San Francisco? Those are where you see the highest incidence of prostitution. Creator Doug McCune has 3D topographical maps of seven more types of San Francisco crime, from assault to vandalism. [...]

  61. The View From Prostitution Mountain [Maps] « INews says:

    [...] shadows over San Francisco? Those are where you see the highest incidence of prostitution. Creator Doug McCune has 3D topographical maps of seven more types of San Francisco crime, from assault to vandalism. [...]

  62. David says:

    ARREST DATA, not CRIME DATA. a-hem? Someone might have pointed it out, but the difference is HUGE, HUGE, HUGE. Nicely portrayed data, but it’s not crime data, is it? Thanks (I came from POPURLS!)

  63. AD says:

    one thing to note regarding the prostitution arrests is that most all of them occur in “stings.” typically, an undercover (making all sorts of overtime cash, btw) sits around looking for prostitutes/attempting to attract johns. thus, there’s sort of a “chicken and the egg” problem here: are all of the arrests concentrated in certain areas because that’s honestly where all the hookers are, or are all the arrests concentrated in certain areas because that’s where the cops are?

  64. dp says:

    [...] a little bummed that my neighborhood (aka Mt. Loin, or where all the drugs are) isn’t your traditional “safe to go out at night with a camera” neighborhood. I [...]

  65. NoeValleyJim says:

    At the middle of San Francisco are two tall hills called “Twin Peaks”. There are no people there and not too surprisingly, not much crime.

  66. One | A DC Based Company - The View From Prostitution Mountain [Maps] says:

    [...] shadows over San Francisco? Those are where you see the highest incidence of prostitution. Creator Doug McCune has 3D topographical maps of seven more types of San Francisco crime, from assault to vandalism. [...]

  67. Ray says:

    A video of this data over time would be even cooler. A while back I plotted GPS tracks on Google Earth showing speed as false altitude. Sort of a similar idea… http://users.xplornet.com/~perkins/GEtrax/

  68. Statistic class has never been so much fun. | Tech Life says:

    [...] [DawgMcCune via Gizmodo] [...]

  69. Mapas topográfico sobre la tasas de delincuencias | ElReves says:

    [...] trata de una recreación por ordenador de las tasas de criminalidad en la ciudad de San Francisco. Doug McCune que se describe como ingeniero de "visualización de datos", a creado este mapa 3D sobre [...]

  70. Wait till I come! » TTMMHTM: Face in space, iPhone stuff, Happy Birthday PHP, woedb and Tshirt folding says:

    [...] If San Francisco crime were elevation is an awesome visualisation – scary, too. [...]

  71. SPORT 24 - Media* » ?? ?????? ?? ?? 5??????? says:

    [...] ??? ??? ????????? ??????????????? ??? ??????????. [...]

  72. Ah, How I Miss San Francisco So « The Red Clay Report says:

    [...] June 9, 2010 by redclayreport Doug McCune used a full year of San Francisco crime data for 2009 (via the city’s the city’s DataSF website and created a 3D topographical map of San Francisco’s legal transgressions: [...]

  73. Brian says:

    “one trick pony. these maps add nothing of value to a standard color plot.”

    I disagree: allowing for a third dimension of elevation makes the reality of concentration clearer – and half the point of crime mapping is to measure concentration, not simply “intensity.”

  74. Chuck says:

    Too bad its just arrest stats. Some crimes like prostitution, narcotics, and people out on warrants do not get reported to police as often as say vehicle theft, which is more wide spread. If there are higher concentrations of police on duty in the Tenderloin area for any of these issues listed, they will more than likely be making more arrests for the other issues because they are around to witness them even though the issues are probably more wide spread. You also have to account for the stake out or bait and switch methods of catching prostitutes or street side drug dealers.

  75. casey says:

    under “alternate view,” vandalism and assault are the same graph.

  76. Doug McCune’s 3D topographical crime maps — Lost At E Minor: For creative people says:

    [...] Doug McCune creates 3D crime maps for San Francisco using data for offences such has prostitution, car theft, narcotics and vandalism, among others. [...]

  77. Barbara Feder Ostrov says:

    This is amazing work. Would you be interested in doing similar maps with health data? If so, please contact me at bfeder at usc dot edu. Thanks!

    Barbara Feder Ostrov
    Deputy Editor, ReportingonHealth.org

  78. Doug says:

    @casey – Yes, the graphic for the “alternate view” did indeed have a duplicated image (assault was the same image as vandalism). This has been updated, sorry!

  79. furiousBlog – in my diatribe » Blog Archive » just click the links and all will be well says:

    [...] If San Francisco Crime Were Elevation [...]

  80. Chuck says:

    Fascinating. But I wonder how/if dividing by local population density would change the landscape. The intention would be to give more of an “expected crime per person” topology(?).

  81. Chuck says:

    er, Topography…

  82. BobN says:

    Pity you can’t (I assume) also plot where the perps live. Sure would spread out Mt. Loin.

  83. visualizing our worlds in 3D | the strange librarian says:

    [...] his blog, Doug McCune shared his 3D renderings of crim stats for San Fransisco. Seeing data in this way can help us make decisions. (Like what neighborhoods to [...]

  84. Patrick Koppula says:

    Great idea and nice work on the graphics, but there are at least three improvements you should make to reveal *true* patterns. Forgive me if you already did these.

    1) Availability bias – normalize for population density (i.e. per capita activity)

    2) Sampling bias – normalize for the number of cops on the beat (geographic and crime type)

    2) Frame bias – break it up by daytime and night time

  85. Joey says:

    I’ve always wondered if the 3D crime map I the inverse of the real topological map in SF. In other words, the crime happens predominantly in the valleys and flatlands, so it’s the topology turned upside down. I think these maps show this to generally be the case.

  86. T.C. says:

    I wish you would make one image showing ACTUAL elevation using your methods!

  87. The View From Prostitution Mountain | Gizmodo Australia says:

    [...] shadows over San Francisco? Those are where you see the highest incidence of prostitution. Creator Doug McCune has 3D topographical maps of seven more types of San Francisco crime, from assault to vandalism. [...]

  88. Antonio Cuza says:

    Marta, this is very interesting. mapping is becoming so intricate with those data overlays.. To slice the data by day part, time of year and weather would probably give some interesting outputs. I have done some forecast modeling using GIS and Loyalty Card and HH level data which yielded very interesting maps.

  89. As montanhas da prostituição de San Francisco says:

    [...] É neles que você vê a maior incidência de prostituição. Doug McCune, o criador deste mapa topográfico 3D, fez mapas iguais para outros sete tipos de crimes na [...]

  90. Dennis Gentry says:

    It would also be interesting to see the topography normalized to population density. Maybe Mt. Loin would be lower if you divided out the high population density in that area. (Or maybe not.)

  91. Nathan says:

    Good post, Einstein. Notice Walter P. can’t refute what you stated, but just babbles about “education,” poverty and all the rest, when it’s been proven that none of these factors has much at all to do with crime rates. A defective culture does. Ever notice that guys like Walter never the lecture the rest of us with their self-righteous PC bromides from, say, Detroit? Or East St. Louis? Nope: it’s always safely tucked away into a non-Black enclave. Very telling.

  92. Four short links: 8 June 2010 | International News - Stay up to date with the latest World News, Finance & Business, Green News, Technology and Sports says:

    [...] If San Francisco Crime was Elevation — elegant way to visualise the crime statistics from DataSF. (via BoingBoing) [...]

  93. L says:

    This incident occurred while biking between 17th and 19th on Shotwell:
    http://www.craigslist.org/about/best/sfo/860137375.html
    Everyone who knows me (and that story) sees your excellent graphs and asks me if that’s where the prostitution peak is. Yup! No surprise.

  94. Kelly Link’s amazing writing, and a few other things - anecdotes says:

    [...] Crime statistics in San Francisco displayed as elevation maps. [...]

  95. Verbrechen in San Francisco - Englisch lernen says:

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  96. 6-9-2010 The Day in Review | F i a t Lux says:

    [...] San Francisco crime, visualized. [...]

  97. Rad Shit - Page 32 - StrafeRight Forums says:

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  98. Die Topografie des Verbrechens :: EXTRATALK Gadget-Blog says:

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  99. Topografía 3D del crimen | ddg says:

    [...] If San Francisco Crime were Elevation Vía [...]

  100. Alex says:

    haha Prostitution sure ‘casts a shadow’ on SF

  101. TK says:

    This is amazing, I’ve been sharing it with everyone. Are you inspired by Tufte?

  102. Warren Ellis » 3D Crime Maps says:

    [...] Doug McCune: [...]

  103. Open for Business | Mike Sherman says:

    [...] already being used and transformed in many exciting ways. For example, here’s an interesting open data-based geo-spatial mashup I saw the other day. If I was shopping for a house in San Francisco, this is the kind of stuff I [...]

  104. Diana says:

    NEW YORK, PLEASE!

  105. B.Mace says:

    COOOOOL! Can you do that outside of the state? Like other contries…

  106. Rossington Architecture says:

    [...] via dougmccune.com [...]

  107. Walter P says:

    Nathan, there is no way for you to know where I live or where I have lived.

  108. Steve Nordquist says:

    Too much a toy, not only for linear mapping to height (which helps explain the Scots High San Francisco look) and 9AM light, and lack of baseline shots and volume (which should reflect total reported crime of the given sort) normalization, but also leaving out building stand-ins (no doubt also why the last guy was looking at -houses- in SFO.) Get your photo morphing mojo on, I’d say.

    Add the Gate info and you can count all the carjackings at sea, etc. The sea’s idyllic but not that idyllic; at least, the gulls steal fries with truffle oil first, I’m told.

    Then there’s inclining your hills to reflect the injunction in question; a groove in the John shallows, a tear-out cloud where cars get scarce, assault and open warrants in anticline…. If you can get a time series up, you can select from watching crime patterns get beat down or scatter; or perhaps make isoclines in which one can travel in order to experience a constant rate of abuse (assuming you report them regularly, too.)

  109. SAN FRANCISCO CRIME | Altsoph The Honest says:

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  110. Crime as Elevation - Freakonomics Blog - NYTimes.com says:

    [...] would look like two enormous peaks on one side of the city.  Doug McCune is the creator of the fascinating 3-D maps of San Francisco crime. In addition to prostitution, he’s mapped larceny, narcotics, assault, [...]

  111. AaronS says:

    It appears that if the police could/would flood the “mountain range” with officers, they’d be a chilling influence on about 80% of the crime in the city. Since “criminal areas” are not established overnight, criminals couldn’t “just pack up” and move across town, since their clientele wouldn’t know where to find them.

    Further, I imagine that proximity to one’s home or “turf” is important, so the inhabitants of these areas are almost certainly the criminals. If they can’t operate near home, they will likely go out of business.

    Of course, when you think about it, if crime goes away, so does the need for policemen and prestige and budgets associated with the superiors thereof. So we can expect that our leaders will not actually stamp out crime, but will simply swoop in from time to time in order to appear tough on crime.

    OK, sorry…that was my natural cynicism showing. I know that most police officers likely WISH that all they had to worry about nothing more evil and ugly than just being a crossing guard or traffic cops. I don’t believe most of them would dare want the evil they have seen to continue. God bless them all.

  112. Marco A. says:

    Larceny in the Wharf where people are stealing from tourists (or their cars).

    Murders are clustered around city housing projects and poor neighborhoods.

    Otherwise much of the crime is centered around the major drug dealing spots in the Mission and Tenderloin. Mission & 16th has been a huge drug spot for at least 15 years. It moved south a couple of blocks after they improved the BART station (probably adding a crime camera).

  113. ESTADÍSTICAS 3D DE SEGURIDAD EN SAN FRANCISCO : ADMEJORES SEGURIDAD LTDA says:

    [...] http://dougmccune.com/blog/2010/06/05/if-san-francisco-crime-was-elevation/ [...]

  114. Steneub says:

    I believe this would be a boon for all cities with published crime data. My mind is spinning with a devilishly clever collaboration between you and Randall of xkcd.com to produce an API that one could feed data into and get a nicely generated map.

  115. Elevaciones: cartografía del crimen en San Francisco says:

    [...] Pueden ver todos los mapas en If San Francisco Crime Were Elevations. [...]

  116. Very Interesting says:

    Did you hear that peace on NPR of one individual wanting to test sewage for drug traces? Facinating.

  117. Topographische Crime-Maps | Criminologia says:

    [...] um auf weitere Angebote dieser Art hinzuweisen. Das, was der Amerikaner Dough McCune jetzt auf seiner Webseite präsentiert, unterscheidet sich jedoch auf kreative Art und Weise von den bisher vorgestellten [...]

  118. San Francisco Crime « New World D0mber says:

    [...] also San Francisco has its dark sides: If you want to see them in 3D you should have a look at this link. Interestingly, you see immediately where you should go and where you [...]

  119. Digest – June 13 2010 – The Story says:

    [...] Brilliant data visualisation; San Francisco crimes mapped as elevations on the map, per category. That’s some serious public service journalism. [...]

  120. Open Eye Communications » Blog Archive » Crime data displayed graphically says:

    [...] Check out the other data sets here [...]

  121. 468 – Crime Topography of San Francisco « Strange Maps says:

    [...] thanks to all who sent in these maps (found here on Mr McCune’s blog): Andrew M. Galleni, Geoffrey Engelstein, Brian Kavanaugh, John [...]

  122. As Monday approaches… « I'm Laura Horner. I Make Maps. says:

    [...] of links.  I came across this little gem in my GoogleReader.  What a cool way to map a city’s [...]

  123. even says:

    I did something similar to Norwegian municipal data. A simple color plot would have been more accurate, but there is something to be said for infoviz eyecandy however obscurantist it may be.

  124. deconcrete - reports on everyday urbanism without architecture says:

    [...] seeing Doug McCune’s visualizations of San Franscisco according to 8 different crime rates, one understands the city as a mountainous landscape, where [...]

  125. Crime in San Francisco as an elevation | Jeremy Gillies says:

    [...] Doug McCune plotted crime statistics on a map of San Francisco as elevation creating peaks and troughs in relation to the amount of crime. This one visualises prostitution peaking on Shotwell St. at the intersections of 19th and 17th. See more crime categories here. [...]

  126. pteam says:

    It’s already called “The Tenderloin” for a reason, dumbass!!

  127. Morning Linkage (Jun 14) says:

    [...] and running it through a map and some 3-D software gets these topographic looking maps of showing crime as a terrain of peaks and [...]

  128. AB says:

    You should do this for New York City also.

  129. Trev says:

    I’d like to see one of these maps for Muni “accidents.”

  130. If crimes were mountains…. | Coptalk.Info - What you do not know will shock you! says:

    [...] http://dougmccune.com/blog/2010/06/05/if-san-francisco-crime-was-elevation/ [...]

  131. Christine says:

    Hello: What you did not state is if the crimes were adjudicated or if the crimes were a result of reports, detentions, arrests and convictions. I assume the vandalism has absolutely no arrest record data whereas the prostitution is entirely about arrests and possible convictions. The warrants are for traffic violations so the data regardless of representation is misleading and the million dollar datum –
    murder – is not profiled. Why?

  132. veelin says:

    I think the maps look creepy and diseased, and their meaning only makes it worse! I couldn’t “love” any of them.

  133. hbc555 says:

    I looooooooooove maps and this is such a cool way to look at data! Nice work!!!

  134. And how is the skiing on Mount Loin? « Tenderblog says:

    [...] smartass really cool guy named Doug McCune went and made 3D maps of San Francisco based on crime rates. I have to admit that it was a really genius use of hours as the result is [...]

  135. Buyer Tips When Looking at For Sale by Owner | BumbleBee Daily says:

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  136. Michael says:

    I haven’t read the above comments, but perhaps a relevant point should be made that these are all maps of arrests/citations, which may be a better representation of where the cops are focusing their attention than where the bad stuff is actually happening.

    For example, the Tenderloin is a popular spot for tourists, so naturally, it’s going to be a spot where the cops have an incentive to work.

  137. KDog says:

    AWESOME, according to these, there is NO CRIME in Hunter’s Point!

  138. maxslug says:

    brilliant, would love to hear more about how you make these maps !

  139. Moe says:

    Could you please do one for date rape and white collar crime too please?

  140. cygnoir.net – links for 2010-06-15 says:

    [...] If San Francisco Crime were Elevation | Doug McCune Interesting visualizations using DataSF. (tags: crime sanfrancisco visualization) [...]

  141. David Fauvre says:

    fascinating. I am a personalty type researcher and have a ton of data on personality types by state, would love to get this done for our data. can you please contact me? Thanks! David Fauvre, my email is info

  142. Tony D says:

    Dougie, I love the maps. What are you up to these days?

    -Tony D.

  143. Mira says:

    You’re gonna end up invited to TED one of these days :)

  144. LiveVibe » Blog Archive » Wednesday, June 16 In and Around Mammoth says:

    [...] across the metropolis, leaving small but consistent hills throughout. Check it out at the engineer’s site.  Which crime would you [...]

  145. Visual data: crime as altitude : Contrarian says:

    [...] McCune uses San Francisco Police Dept. crime reports to map crime in that city as altitude. [...]

  146. props says:

    We’ve seen the prostitution increase in the Shot Well area because of police intervention in Tenderloin. This was years ago. It’s not left since. Drug activity has not been decreased despite actual names and locations reported to police. The Police Dept has decided our crimes are “contained” and need not be dealt with, despite the loss of quality of life to the rest of the community. This is something frightening.

  147. Promi-Briefpapier und Kriminalitätshügel says:

    [...] 6) Kriminalität in San Francisco – http://dougmccune.com/blog/2010/06/05/if-san-francisco-crime-was-elevation/ [...]

  148. frsico dude says:

    you should make one of white collar crime & ecological crime, aka the shady ass shit that creates more havoc and world suffering than all these other maps combined x100…..im thinkin there are gonna spikes right along market, in the marina, and at genentech and other similar bio-tech companies……its easy to look at petty crimes that result from our suffering in capitalism, but rarely are the true world crimes exposed.

  149. Isid Bortz says:

    I’m adding my voice to the list of “PLEASE DO ONE FOR ‘MY CITY.”

    In my case, the city is Portland.

    Great stuff!

  150. BREANNA says:

    You are right on about the mission! SHOTWELL.. WHEN i went out there to work a year ago,i was clockin 400 in 2 hours! Now its so hot,i dont bother with it.I just stay on line and STAY ON TOP OF YOUR MAP IN THE L’S!!:):)lol… ID RATHER BE ON TOP OF U THOUGH!!:)

  151. Rob van der Bijl says:

    Your prostitution map looks spectacular. Would like to see an Amsterdam version. But what do we see? The way San Francisco works or the way San Francisco is perceived by cops?

    Rob van der Bijl (Amsterdam, Netherlands).

  152. sean says:

    Right on to Michael’s post on June 15th. The same thing could be said to explain the existence of the “Mission Ridge.”

  153. invert, always invert » Blog Archive » Data visualization: a better way to understand statistics says:

    [...] I recently came across this crime-city-light-map of San Francisco as well as these elevation maps of San Francisco. The mountains you see are not the actual mountains and hills of the city. They’re hills that represent the amount of crime in the city. These were created by Doug McCone, check out his blog post. [...]

  154. HR says:

    Awesome.
    What program did you use and can you do this for New York?

  155. LINKS 56 | endkampf says:

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  156. Kurt says:

    I assume you are using 3D analyst … I suggest that you create a movie (fly around) and post that. However, you aren’t the first to do this and you limit use interpretation by not defining your input parameters that you used in creating your raster file, which were extruded to produce these images. Parameters such as radius (determined from several Morans-I runs), and output cell size and if any point was weighted. How did you choose those inputs?

    Also density and crime type need to be considered! A crime is not a crime is not a crime in a singular type and longitudinal fashion. Models of neighborhood development will guide you further in this process. I remember when I first started similar projects … it caught my attention and launched a pretty fun career. Good luck should you choose to become a GIS analyst!

  157. Seeing your Foursquare check-ins as an elevation map says:

    [...] now most people will have seen the images of incidents of crime in San Francisco as elevation maps so it was only a matter of time before folks decided to play with other kinds of data – say [...]

  158. Gráfico en 3D del crimen en San Francisco says:

    [...] Gráfico en 3D del crimen en San Francisco dougmccune.com/blog/2010/06/05/if-san-francisco-crime-was-el…  por Valles hace 3 segundos [...]

  159. Complicated Doesn’t Make It Bad « Simply Presentation says:

    [...] complicated dataset includes crime rates. Look at the innovative solution Doug McCune had for presenting such intricate [...]

  160. Antoni Gutiérrez-Rubí » ZW 220. Visualización de datos says:

    [...] Y, para acabar, una curiosidad: Cartografía del crimen en la ciudad de San Francisco, donde los datos relacionados se muestran a través de la elevación del terreno. Todos los mapas en If San Francisco Crime Were Elevations. [...]

  161. Cityphile » Mapping Arrests as Elevation says:

    [...] McCune created a series of maps, “If San Francisco Crime were Elevation.” At risk of being overly pedantic, the graphics actually visualize arrest data and crime [...]

  162. Blog Político — Artur Mas ja no pot amagar el cap sota l’ala says:

    [...] I, per acabar, una curiositat: Cartografia del crim a la ciutat de San Francisco, on les dades relacionades es mostren a través de l’elevació del terreny. Tots els mapes a If San Francisco Crime Was Elevation. [...]

  163. Monday Links from the Deckchair Vol. XXVI says:

    [...] If San Francisco Crime were Elevation – Doug McCune explores an interesting artistic approach to visualising crime statistics. [...]

  164. Carol says:

    How much of this is skewed though, by the fact that lower income folks are more likely to be arrested and prosecuted? I bet there is a lot of high range prostitution that would peak in the more affluent parts of the city, but don’t show up on the map. Same with drug use.

  165. Bielanski says:

    As a human geography geek, I might take two more steps on these visualizations (which are beautiful in their accessibility and impact, definitely a project I would teach!).
    1) color shade by zoning or corridor type (to assist people that aren’t as familiar with the target city).
    2) constrain the heightmap exaggeration to the street vectors to help alleviate map skew arising from peak values (to avoid identifying incorrect streets ;) )

    Fun!

  166. Psychaotic says:

    As a San Francisco drug user – and former “evening lady” from 20 years back – I am most entertained by this graphical display. Interesting to see that Capp Street is still the primary “working corridor” – that’s Capp you’re seeing there, which is very close to Shotwell. It’s odd that there’s a bump in the Tenderloin: I currently live there and when I go to a grocery store at night, I take a look around on the street I used to traverse every night back in 1990, and nary a hooker do I ever see. They must be dressing VERY discreetly these days.

    I believe the drug use map is highly misleading. Remember this merely depicts drug BUSTS. There’s a whole lot more users who do not hang out on streetcorners hawking substances or blowing their despicable little crack pipes…and they are located literally everywhere within our City, from poor ‘hoods to places like Pacific Heights and Glen Park.

    In San Francisco, you have to pretty much be a complete moron to end up busted for dope, like one of the idiots I see in my neighbourhood who smoke rock right out in the open as if it were tobacco. Although “bad cop luck” can happen to anyone, for the most part, if you’re quiet about what you do and don’t have busybody neighbours, you won’t end up busted for drugs here. In other cities and towns, cops will pull you over, or search you or your premises, just for wearing clothes or having hairstyles identifying you as a fan of counterculture. I’ve said it before and will say it again, and again many more times to come: Man, I love San Francisco!

  167. Four Great Infographics No. 8 – ????|???? says:

    [...] The peaks of San Francisco. Great concept converting crime figures into topology from coder Doug Mccune. Thanks to [...]

  168. Sean says:

    it would be cool to see wealth as a color overlay

  169. Census Enumerator says:

    [...] planning decision, but it’s not without consequence. We’re the tall peak on many of these topo crime maps and every one of my car owning roommates has had a window [...]

  170. JoAnne says:

    Here’s a link to the map I did for 2000 population density of the US represented by artificial elevation, using Bryce:

    http://www.qis.net/~jschmitz/usaheight.jpg

    Inspired by Wanda Sykes’ election-related rant on simplistic red state versus blue state maps because “ain’t no one living there” in Montana.

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  172. elisabetta says:

    very interesting work. I’m an Italian police officer and I wrote about your maps on the Italian state police blog http://agentelisa.blogspot.com/2010/07/crimini-in-altezza.htm

  173. elisabetta says:

    sorry, this is the right address
    http://agentelisa.blogspot.com/2010/07/crimini-in-altezza.html

  174. L’opendata dans tous ses états – Juillet II « says:

    [...] If San Francisco Crime were Elevation [...]

  175. Imprint | Topography says:

    [...] In the same way, topography is a great common concept to play with… which is why I thought this crime topography of San Francisco was so [...]

  176. Welcome to Hooker Mountain: San Francisco’s crime rate as topographical map « (syn)thetic says:

    [...] Doug McCune has charted San Francisco’s crime rate topographically. Crimes like prostitution and narcotics peak in certain areas (Shotwell Street and the Tenderloin, respectively). San Franciscans, do you live in Strumpet Heights or Teetotaler Valley? [...]

  177. waka waka waka says:

    [...] a nice example of the graphical representation of quantitative data, from Adobe Flex guru Michael McClune. [...]

  178. If San Francisco Crime were Elevation | sgroh.net says:

    [...] mehr Bilder unter: link [...]

  179. Tyler A. says:

    Might be interesting to see the data divided by density (for the area). [Or as a heatmap overlay on the existing map.]

  180. If San Francisco Crime were Elevation… says:

    [...] If San Francisco Crime were Elevation | Doug McCune. This entry was posted in San Francisco Art, Web Design. Bookmark the permalink. Post a comment or [...]

  181. San Francisco crime « Dues, el blog says:

    [...] San Francisco crime It’s a very visual way to show San Francisco crime. They have different 3D maps depending on the type of crime! See them here [...]

  182. Streetsblog San Francisco » This Pavement Condition Index Map of San Francisco is Amazing! says:

    [...] not transportation related, but Doug McCune's topo map of San Francisco prostitution as elevation is amazing as [...]

  183. Chris Vein, San Francisco’s CIO, on sf.govfresh – Government Bits says:

    [...] a testament to how interested citizens are with government data, someone even developed a series of graphical representations of crimes in the form of peaks and valleys over San Francisco.  The practical application is deeper [...]

  184. Mapping San Francisco « struggling architecture says:

    [...] of San Francisco as being not the product of geological forces, but of social forces, specifically crime. By using one of the city’s prime characteristics as a method of data visualization, McCune [...]

  185. Mario Vieira says:

    Really nice piece of work. I’ve seen your “future of data visualization” slides, and I wonder, where does this leaves us? How interactive you think it can get, and what sort of possibilities you see rising from it?
    Given your self-assignment it’d be well interesting knowing your thoughts on that.
    cheers

  186. Criminal Contours: Crime Rates as Topographic Maps! | Design + Ideas says:

    [...] are revealed when the city’s crime statistics are analyzed as a 3D topographic map. Data visualization engineer Doug McCune shows how the city’s notorious hills can shift according to the type of crime, from larceny [...]

  187. Criminal Contours: Crime Rates as Topographic Maps! « Nsibai's Blog says:

    [...] are revealed when the city’s crime statistics are analyzed as a 3D topographic map. Data visualization engineer Doug McCune shows how the city’s notorious hills can shift according to the type of crime, from larceny [...]

  188. Crime Rates as Topographic Maps | Our world - animals, beautiful nature, techics, hi-tech, auto, national geographic, discovery says:

    [...] features’ are revealed when the city’s crime statistics are analyzed as a 3D topographic map. Data visualization engineer Doug McCune shows how the city’s notorious hills can shift according to the type of crime, from larceny and [...]

  189. Miguel Garcia says:

    Wow…mother earth jumping off the page informing us of our flaws…could we do it for our positives?

  190. datavisualisation.co.uk » If Crime were Elevation says:

    [...] To see more images of this visualisation go to McCane’s website http://dougmccune.com/blog/2010/06/05/if-san-francisco-crime-was-elevation/ [...]

  191. Urban Media Archaeology » Some maps and things like maps and movies about maps says:

    [...] data with maps while adding an instantly understandable visual cues: topography and lights.  Doug McCune has taken crime statistics from the City of San francisco's DataSF site and incorporated into [...]

  192. Human Rights Maps (100): Crime Rates in San Francisco | P.a.p.-Blog, Human Rights Etc. says:

    [...] (source) [...]

  193.  | Patrol Log says:

    [...] developer Doug McCune came up with a new way of looking at the San Francisco skyline: by producing elevation maps where the elevation directly corresponds to the level of crime in that part of the city. While he [...]

  194. SF Crime Elevations says:

    [...] A few months ago, blogger Doug McCune posted maps displaying the quantity of various crimes throughout the city.  He created these crime maps as 3D representations of the 2009 crime data.  All the maps are located at his blog. [...]

  195. Map Apps! | Digital Journalism says:

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  196. Shonda Goldwater says:

    Comment: A Very easy to follow article . Whenever i read your website i find a different view. In addtition , as a noob developer, i need to say that the structure of your blog is amazing . Could you reply with the name of the template? .

  197. Google Fusion Tables Tutorial : : Geo @ ObjectGraph says:

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  198. Quora says:

    What do people think of three dimensional data visualizations?…

    3D visualizations are very useful if you can actually interact with the visualization. Although the only 3D visualization that seems useful to me in that aspect are mesh/surface plots. Here are some interesting 3D visualizations that caught my eye rece…

  199. Dirk Flail says:

    nice graphics. if they were really elevations, they could go higher than Everest.

  200. If San Francisco Crime were Elevation | The New Anti-Social says:

    [...] If San Francisco Crime were Elevation Posted on June 10, 2010 by hangoverbeard via dougmccune.com [...]

  201. Let's visit on the Porch II - Montana (MT) - Page 104 - City-Data Forum says:

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  202. delaina says:

    Wow what an awesome idea, really original thinking. There’s more hill action than Lombard I guess. Great work!

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  206. My Own Thoughts » Blog Archive » If Crimes Were Elevation says:

    [...] See all the pictures here, as he has arranged them by crime. Upon closer inspection the prostitution arrests are peaking on Shotwell St. at the intersections of 19th and 17th. I’m sure the number of colorful euphemisms you can come up with that include the words “shot” and “well” are endless. [...]

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  208. The Technology newsbucket: slow Safari, antitrust PCs, easy-reading Guardian and more says:

    [...] If San Francisco Crime were Elevation >> Doug McCuneFantastic visualisation of crime stats in San Francisco, but giving it a mountains-and-hills effect. Stunning. Meanwhile in the UK, our crime maps… oh, it’s too frustrating. [...]

  209. handyman manchester says:

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  210. Plastering manchester says:

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  211. Herbata says:

    What program did you use to create these visualizations?

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  213. Biznes plan says:

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  214. MTX Media says:

    You should do this for Boston also

  215. Nance Realtor says:

    Great work!
    Now I know that it’s not safe to park anywhere.

  216. san francisco mayor lee’s assault on california’s innovation - Richard Grenell says:

    [...] wants privates companies to move to the blighted area before they do the work.  Looking at topographical maps of crime in San Francisco leads one to question why the public needs a Mayor and Board at all if they just tell private [...]

  217. web designer oxfordshire says:

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  222. Creative Cartography: 15 Artists Transforming Maps | WebUrbanist says:

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  227. If San Francisco Crime were Elevation :: E-learning & Multimedia Examples says:

    [...] View the 3D data maps [...]

  228. sms spy says:

    yeah this awesome! Much better than heat maps. SFPD should have this.

  229. Jürgen @ Kettwig says:

    very interesting maps and models. How did you realize it?

  230. San Francisco Crime Mapped As Elevation says:

    [...] Doug McCune takes a look at what various types of crime in San Francisco would look like if represented on a map as elevation. [...]

  231. Lay of the Land: 13 Topographic Works of Art & Design | WebUrbanist says:

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  232. Lay of the Land: 13 Topographic Works of Art & Design | iPhone – Mania says:

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  245. Quora says:

    What are some really cool maps of San Francisco?…

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  246. Four short links: 8 June 2010 - O'Reilly Radar says:

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  247. Crime Mapping and Analysis - GIS Lounge says:

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  248. If San Francisco Crime were Elevation, Prostitution peaks in distinct locations. | THE PROPHECY CHRONICLES says:

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